C - Data Types

Integer Types:

• int: Used to store integers. Typical range is -32,768 to 32,767.
• short: Used to store short integers. Typical range is -32,768 to 32,767.
• long: Used to store long integers. Typical range is -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.
• unsigned int: Used to store positive integers only. Typical range is 0 to 65,535.
• unsigned short: Used to store positive short integers only. Typical range is 0 to 65,535.
• unsigned long: Used to store positive long integers only. Typical range is 0 to 4,294,967,295.

Floating-Point Types:

• float: Used to store single-precision floating-point numbers. Typically 4 bytes in size.
• double: Used to store double-precision floating-point numbers. Typically 8 bytes in size.
• long double: Used to store extended-precision floating-point numbers. Size can vary.

Character Types:

• char: Used to store individual characters. Typically 1 byte in size.

Other Types:

• void: Represents the absence of type. Used in function return types and pointers.

Format Specifiers for Integer Types:

• %d: Used to print int.
• %hd: Used to print short.
• %ld: Used to print long.
• %u: Used to print unsigned int.
• %hu: Used to print unsigned short.
• %lu: Used to print unsigned long.

Format Specifiers for Floating-Point Types:

• %f: Used to print float.
• %lf: Used to print double.
• %Lf: Used to print long double.
• Format Specifiers for Characters:
• %c: Used to print char.

To set decimal precision for floating-point values when printing, you can use the format specifier along with a precision specifier. For example:

double num = 3.14159265359;
printf("%.2lf", num);  // Prints the value of num with 2 decimal places: 3.14

In this example, %.2lf specifies that the double value num should be printed with a precision of 2 decimal places.