Computer Basics - Virus / Malware

Virus / Malware

• Malware (short for malicious software) is any program designed to harm, steal, or disrupt a computer system.

• A virus is a type of malware that attaches itself to files or programs and spreads when those files are shared or executed.

Types of Malware

1. Virus – Spreads by infecting files or programs, may corrupt or delete data.

2. Worm – Self-replicates and spreads across networks without needing a host file.

3. Trojan Horse – Disguises itself as a useful program but secretly causes damage.

4. Spyware – Secretly collects user information (like passwords, browsing habits).

5. Adware – Shows unwanted ads, sometimes also tracks user activity.

6. Ransomware – Locks your files or system and demands payment to unlock them.

7. Rootkit – Hides other malware and gives attackers deep control over a system.

Effects of Viruses/Malware

• Slows down computer performance.

• Corrupts or deletes files.

• Steals personal data (passwords, banking info).

• Displays unwanted ads or pop-ups.

• Can crash the operating system.

• In severe cases, may lead to financial or identity theft.

Protection Against Malware

• Install and regularly update antivirus software.

• Keep operating system and apps up to date.

• Avoid downloading files or clicking links from unknown sources.

• Use firewalls to block unauthorized access.

• Regularly back up data in case of ransomware attacks.