C++ - Strings

In C++, strings are represented using the std::string class from the Standard Template Library (STL). Here are some common operations and features related to strings:

String Concatenation:

To concatenate (join) two strings together, you can use the + operator or the += operator.

std::string str1 = "Hello";
std::string str2 = "World";
std::string result = str1 + " " + str2; // Using the + operator
std::cout << result << std::endl; // Output: "Hello World"

Adding Numbers and Strings:

In C++, you can add a number to a string by converting the number to a string using std::to_string().

int num = 42;
std::string str = "The answer is: " + std::to_string(num);
std::cout << str << std::endl; // Output: "The answer is: 42"

String Length:

You can obtain the length (number of characters) of a string using the length() or size() member functions of std::string.

std::string str = "Hello";
std::cout << "Length of the string: " << str.length() << std::endl; // Output: 5

Access Strings:

You can access individual characters within a string using the indexing operator []. The index starts from 0.

std::string str = "Hello";
char firstChar = str[0]; // Accessing the first character
std::cout << "First character: " << firstChar << std::endl; // Output: 'H'

Strings - Special Characters:

Strings can contain special characters, such as newline (\n), tab (\t), double quote (\"), single quote (\'), backslash (\\), etc.

std::string str = "Hello\nWorld";
std::cout << str << std::endl; // Output:
                                // Hello
                                // World

The special characters are represented using escape sequences.