Database develop. life cycle - Concurrency Control and Locking Mechanisms

Concurrency control manages the simultaneous access of multiple users to a database system. In multi-user environments, several users may read or modify data at the same time, which can lead to inconsistencies if not controlled properly.

Concurrency problems include lost updates, dirty reads, and unrepeatable reads. To prevent these issues, databases use locking mechanisms. A shared lock allows multiple users to read data, while an exclusive lock allows only one user to modify data at a time.

Concurrency control techniques such as two-phase locking and transaction isolation levels ensure that transactions are executed safely. These techniques balance data consistency with system performance.

Proper concurrency control ensures data correctness, reliability, and smooth operation in high-traffic systems.