Software Engineering basics - Note on Object-Oriented Decomposition

Object-oriented decomposition is a method of breaking down a complex system into smaller, more manageable pieces called objects. Each object represents a real-world entity or concept and combines both data (attributes) and behavior (methods) related to that entity.

In this approach, a system is viewed as a collection of interacting objects rather than a set of functions or procedures. This contrasts with traditional procedural decomposition, which focuses on dividing the system based on functions or processes.

Key Features:

1. Encapsulation: Each object hides its internal data and exposes only necessary operations to other objects.

2. Modularity: Objects are self-contained units, making systems easier to develop, test, and maintain.

3. Reusability: Well-designed classes can be reused in other applications.

4. Inheritance: New classes can be built upon existing ones, promoting code reuse and extensibility.

5. Polymorphism: Objects of different classes can be treated uniformly through a common interface.

Advantages:

• Enhances system flexibility and scalability.

• Simplifies maintenance and debugging.

• Encourages reuse of existing components.

Example:
In a library management system, decomposition might yield objects such as Book, Member, and Librarian, each responsible for managing its own data and behavior (e.g., a Book object can check its availability, while a Member object can borrow or return a book).

In summary, object-oriented decomposition helps manage complexity by modeling systems in terms of interacting objects, closely aligning software design with real-world concepts.