Software Engineering basics - Software Process Models

Software Process Models are structured frameworks that define the steps, activities, and workflows followed during the development of software systems. They provide guidelines for planning, developing, testing, deploying, and maintaining software.

Common Software Process Models:

1. Waterfall Model

   • Linear and sequential approach.

   • Phases: Requirements → Design → Implementation → Testing → Deployment → Maintenance.

   • Best for small, well-defined projects.

   • Limitation: Inflexible to changes once a phase is completed.

2. V-Model (Verification and Validation Model)

   • Extension of Waterfall, emphasizes testing at every stage.

   • Each development phase has a corresponding testing phase (e.g., Design → Integration Testing).

   • Best for projects requiring high reliability (e.g., medical, aerospace).

3. Incremental Model

   • Software developed and delivered in parts (increments).

   • Each increment adds new features.

   • Useful when requirements are clear but project needs quick delivery of working modules.

4. Spiral Model

   • Combines iterative development with risk management.

   • Phases repeat in spirals: Planning → Risk Analysis → Engineering → Evaluation.

   • Suitable for large, high-risk projects.

5. RAD (Rapid Application Development)

   • Focuses on quick development with prototyping and user feedback.

   • Involves reusable components, minimal planning, and fast delivery.

   • Useful when time-to-market is critical.

6. Agile Model

   • Iterative and incremental approach.

   • Based on collaboration, flexibility, and customer feedback.

   • Methods: Scrum, Kanban, XP (Extreme Programming).

   • Widely used in modern software development.

Quick Comparison: