Software Testing - Compatibility testing

Compatibility testing checks whether a system, application, or website works as expected across different environments, devices, operating systems, browsers, and networks.

1. Purpose of Compatibility Testing

  • Ensure consistent user experience regardless of platform.

  • Detect environment-specific issues early (e.g., layout breaks on certain browsers).

  • Verify integration with third-party tools or hardware.

2. Key Types of Compatibility Testing

Type What It Covers
Browser Compatibility Works correctly across Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, etc., and different versions.
OS Compatibility Supports Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, etc.
Device Compatibility Functions well on desktops, tablets, and smartphones (various resolutions).
Network Compatibility Handles different bandwidths, speeds, and connection types (3G, 4G, 5G, Wi-Fi).
Software Compatibility Integrates smoothly with other apps, databases, APIs, and plug-ins.
Hardware Compatibility Works with different printers, scanners, storage devices, etc.
Version Compatibility Maintains backward/forward compatibility with older/newer software versions.

3. Key Metrics

  • Rendering consistency — Layout, fonts, colors appear correctly.

  • Functionality — Features work the same across environments.

  • Performance differences — Speed or responsiveness variations.

  • Error rates — Failures in specific setups.

4. Process

  1. Define scope — Which environments, devices, and configurations to test.

  2. Set up test matrix — A table listing combinations (e.g., OS + browser + device).

  3. Prepare test cases — Cover UI, functionality, and performance checks.

  4. Execute tests — On real devices, emulators, or cloud-based platforms.

  5. Document results — Log environment-specific issues.

  6. Fix and retest — Verify compatibility after changes.

5. Common Tools

  • BrowserStack — Cloud testing on multiple devices/browsers.

  • Sauce Labs

  • CrossBrowserTesting

  • LambdaTest

  • Virtual machines & emulators (Android Emulator, Xcode Simulator)

  • VMware / VirtualBox